fa بررسی کیفی پساب خروجی مزارع پرورش ماهی قزل‌آلا: مطالعه موردی شهرستان آمل تخصصي Special پژوهشي Research <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span b="" lang="FA" style="font-family:" zar=""><span style="color:black">پساب تولیدشده در اغلب مزارع پرورش ماهی قزل‌آلا در استان مازندران بدون تصفیه به آب‌های سطحی تخلیه می‌شود. برای آنالیز کیفی پساب، هفت مزرعه پرورش ماهی قزل‌آلا واقع شده در منطقه‌ی دشت شهرستان آمل به تصادف انتخاب شدند. نمونه‌برداری از آب ورودی و خروجی مزارع پرورشی انجام&shy;گرفت. از 13 پارامتر فیزیکوشیمیایی اندازه‌گیری شده، پارامترهای </span></span><span class="fontstyle01" style="font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">اکسیژن محلول (</span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="fontstyle01" style="font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">DO</span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="fontstyle01" style="font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">)، هدایت الکتریکی (</span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="fontstyle01" style="font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">EC</span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="fontstyle01" style="font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">)، نیترات (</span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="fontstyle01" style="font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">N-NO₃^-</span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="fontstyle01" style="font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">)، </span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="fontstyle01" style="font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">کلراید (</span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="fontstyle01" style="font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">CL</span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="fontstyle01" style="font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal">^{<span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">-</span></span>}</span></span></span></span><span class="fontstyle01" style="font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">)، آهن (</span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="fontstyle01" style="font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Fe</span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="fontstyle01" style="font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">)،</span></span></span></span></span></span> <span class="fontstyle01" style="font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">سولفات (</span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="fontstyle01" style="font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">SO₄</span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="fontstyle01" style="font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal">^{<span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">-2</span></span>}</span></span></span></span><span class="fontstyle01" style="font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">)، فسفات (</span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="fontstyle01" style="font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">PO₄</span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="fontstyle01" style="font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal">^{<span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">-3</span></span>}</span></span></span></span><span class="fontstyle01" style="font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">)، آمونیوم (</span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="fontstyle01" style="font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">N-NH4⁺</span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="fontstyle01" style="font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">)</span></span></span></span></span></span> <span class="fontstyle01" style="font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">و </span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="fontstyle01" style="font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">pH</span></span></span></span></span></span><span b="" lang="FA" style="font-family:" zar=""><span style="color:black"> نمونه‌ها در محدوده‌ تخلیه مجاز خروجی فاضلاب سازمان محیط‌زیست ایران قرارداشتند و شاخص </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">WQI</span></span></span><span b="" lang="FA" style="font-family:" zar=""><span style="color:black">، </span></span><span class="fontstyle01" style="font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">کیفیت بالای پساب همه‌ مزارع پرورشی را برای ورود به آب‌های سطحی نشان داد. با توجه به </span></span></span></span></span></span><span b="" lang="FA" style="font-family:" zar=""><span style="color:black">تحلیل مولفه‌های اصلی، سختی کل،</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Fe</span></span></span> <span b="" lang="FA" style="font-family:" zar=""><span style="color:black">، </span></span>&nbsp;<span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">TSS</span></span></span> <span b="" lang="FA" style="font-family:" zar=""><span style="color:black">و</span></span> <span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">DO</span></span></span> <span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""><span style="color:black">&nbsp;پارامترهای اصلی کیفیت در مولفه‌ی اول و </span></span><span class="fontstyle01" style="font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">SO₄</span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="fontstyle01" style="font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal">^{<span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">-2</span></span>}</span></span></span></span><span class="fontstyle01" style="font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"></span></span></span></span><span class="fontstyle01" style="font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">در مولفه‌ی دوم، در </span></span></span></span></span></span><span b="" lang="FA" style="font-family:" zar=""><span style="color:black">سنجش تغییرات کیفیت پساب اهمیتی بیشتردارند. به دلیل عدم وجود فرآیندهای تصفیه پساب و تراکم بالا، افزایش معنی‌داری از ورودی به خروجی استخرهای پرورش ماهی برای (</span></span><span class="fontstyle01" style="font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">pH</span></span></span></span></span></span><span b="" lang="FA" style="font-family:" zar=""><span style="color:black">)، کل جامدات معلق (</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">TSS</span></span></span><span b="" lang="FA" style="font-family:" zar=""><span style="color:black">)، کل جامدات محلول (</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">TDS</span></span></span><span b="" lang="FA" style="font-family:" zar=""><span style="color:black">)، </span></span><span class="fontstyle01" style="font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">فسفات (</span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="fontstyle01" style="font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">PO₄</span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="fontstyle01" style="font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal">^{<span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">-3</span></span>}</span></span></span></span><span class="fontstyle01" style="font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">) و سختی کل (</span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="fontstyle01" style="font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">TH</span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="fontstyle01" style="font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">) مشا</span></span></span></span></span></span><span b="" lang="FA" style="font-family:" zar=""><span style="color:black">هده شد که نیاز به سیستم تصفیه حذف ذرات جامد معلق، کنترل </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">pH</span></span></span><span b="" lang="FA" style="font-family:" zar=""><span style="color:black">، کاهش سختی کل و میزان ذرات محلول در آب در مزارع پرورشی ماهی قزل‌آلا مشهود است.&nbsp; </span></span><span b="" lang="FA" style="font-family:" zar=""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div> <span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="color:black">Untreated effluent in most trout culture farms in Mazandaran province is discharged into the environment. Characteristics of effluents from seven flow-through trout farms in the plain of Amol city are investigated. Water samples were taken from both inlet and outlet of fish farms. Thirteen physical and chemical parameters of effluent that were analyzed indicated that the concentrations of Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Electrical Conductivity (EC), Nitrate (NO₃^-), Chloride (CL^-), Iron (Fe), sulfate (SO₄^-2), phosphate (PO₄^-3), Ammonium (NH₄⁺) and (pH) satisfied the wastewater standard of Environment Organization of Iran and effluent discharging to surface waters was characterized by high quality on the Water Quality Index (WQI). As the result of the principal component analysis, TH, Fe, TSS, and DO, were the most influential parameters in the first component and SO₄^-2 in the second component, in measuring the wastewater quality variation. A significant increase from inlets to outlets was observed for (pH), total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), phosphate (PO₄^-3), and total hardness (TH) (<i>p</i><0.05) due to no effluent treatment processes and intense culture at the fish farms and implies a Wastewater treatment system for removing suspended solids, pH control, and reducing TH and TDS.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp; آبزی‌پروری, آنالیز مولفه‌های اصلی, کیفیت آب, زیست‌محیطی, WQI Aquaculture, PCA, Water quality, Environmental, WQI. 47 59 http://aqudev.lahijan.iau.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-604-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Freshteh Nikzad فرشته نیک زاد Freshtehnikzad@qmail.com 100319475328460010690 100319475328460010690 No Department of Water Structure, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran. دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری Mohsen Masoudian محسن مسعودیان mohsen_masoudian@yahoo.com 100319475328460010691 100319475328460010691 Yes Department of Water Structure, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran. 2-*گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده مهندسی زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، مازندران Davood Kalantari داود کلانتری dkalantari@yahoo.com 100319475328460010692 100319475328460010692 No Department of Mechanics of Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran. دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری