<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<journal>
<title>Journal of Aquaculture Development</title>
<title_fa>نشریه توسعه آبزی پروری</title_fa>
<short_title>JAD</short_title>
<subject>Agriculture</subject>
<web_url>http://aqudev.lahijan.iau.ir</web_url>
<journal_hbi_system_id>1</journal_hbi_system_id>
<journal_hbi_system_user>admin</journal_hbi_system_user>
<journal_id_issn>2322-3545</journal_id_issn>
<journal_id_issn_online>0000-0000</journal_id_issn_online>
<journal_id_pii>8</journal_id_pii>
<journal_id_doi>10.22034</journal_id_doi>
<journal_id_iranmedex></journal_id_iranmedex>
<journal_id_magiran></journal_id_magiran>
<journal_id_sid>14</journal_id_sid>
<journal_id_nlai>8888</journal_id_nlai>
<journal_id_science>13</journal_id_science>
<language>fa</language>
<pubdate>
	<type>jalali</type>
	<year>1404</year>
	<month>7</month>
	<day>1</day>
</pubdate>
<pubdate>
	<type>gregorian</type>
	<year>2025</year>
	<month>10</month>
	<day>1</day>
</pubdate>
<volume>0</volume>
<number></number>
<publish_type>online</publish_type>
<publish_edition>1</publish_edition>
<article_type>fulltext</article_type>
<articleset>
	<article>


	<language>fa</language>
	<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
	<title_fa>رنگ سنجی با کمک تکنیک‌های CIELab و RGB در ماهی کوی (Cyprinus carpio var. koi) تحت تأثیر افزودن لیزوفسفولیپید به جیره حاوی سطوح مختلف آستاگزانتین</title_fa>
	<title>Evaluation of coloration in koi carp (Cyprinus carpio var. koi) using CIELab and RGB techniques affected by dietary lysophospholipids and astaxanthin levels</title>
	<subject_fa>تخصصي</subject_fa>
	<subject>Special</subject>
	<content_type_fa>پژوهشي</content_type_fa>
	<content_type>Research</content_type>
	<abstract_fa>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;direction:rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;unicode-bidi:embed&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:13.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;در این تحقیق، تأثیر استفاده از لیزوفسفولیپید در جیره&#8204;های حاوی رنگدانه آستاگزانتین بر رنگ&#8204;سنجی ماهی کوی (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;Cyprinus carpio&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; &lt;i&gt;var&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;koi&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:13.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;) با استفاده از تکنیک&#8204;های &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;CIELab&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:13.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt; و &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;RGB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:13.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt; مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:13.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;مطالعه کنونی از اردیبهشت تا تیر ماه 1404 در سالن پرورش خصوصی واقع در قائم&#8204;شهر انجام گرفت. &amp;nbsp;بدین منظور ۱۵۰ قطعه بچه&#8204;ماهی کوی با میانگین وزنی اولیه 05/0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:13.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&amp;plusmn;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:13.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;63/3 گرم در ۵ تیمار غذایی شامل: جیره شاهد (فاقد آستاگزانتین و لیزوفسفولیپید)، ۰۱/۰ درصد آستاگزانتین، ۰۲/۰ درصد آستاگزانتین، ترکیب ۰۱/۰ درصد آستاگزانتین + ۱/۰ درصد لیزوفسفولیپید و ترکیب ۰۲/۰ درصد آستاگزانتین + ۱/۰ درصد لیزوفسفولیپید به مدت ۵۶ روز تغذیه شدند. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:13.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;طبق نتایج تغییرات رنگ ایجاد شده مولفه &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:13.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt; بین تیمارهای آزمایشی تفاوت معنی&#8204;داری را نشان نداد (05/0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;P&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:13.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;). مولفه &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:13.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt; تحت تاثیر تیمارهای آزمایشی قرار گرفت و با افزودن لیزوفسفولیپید و آستاگزانتین افزایش یافت (05/0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;P&lt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:13.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;). همچنین، مولفه &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;b&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:13.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt; در تیمار شاهد و 1 درصد آستاگزانتین به طور معنی&#8204;داری کمتر از سایر تیمارها بود (05/0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;P&lt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:13.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:13.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt; شاخص هیو در ماهیان کوی تغذیه&#8204;شده با لیزوفسفولیپید و سطوح مختلف آستاگزانتین به طور معنی&#8204;داری کاهش یافت و بالاترین مقدار مربوط به تیمار شاهد بود&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:13.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt; (05/0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;P&lt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:13.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;). به طور عکس، شاخص کروما در ماهیان تغذیه&#8204;شده با جیره شاهد و 1 درصد آستاگزانتین به طور معنی&#8204;داری کمتر از سایر تیمارها بود (05/0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;P&lt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:13.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;). علاوه بر این، شاخص &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;سرخ&#8204;شوندگی &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:13.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;با افزودن لیزوفسفولیپید به سطوح آستاگزانتین به طور معنی&#8204;داری افزایش یافت و بالاتر از سایر تیمارها بود بطوریکه کمترین شاخص &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;سرخ&#8204;شوندگی&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:13.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;در شاهد مشاهده گردید (05/0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;P&lt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:13.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:13.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;در مجموع، یافته&#8204;های این پژوهش نشان داد که استفاده از لیزوفسفولیپید می&#8204;تواند به بهره&#8204;وری آستاگزانتین در ماهی کوی کمک نموده و همراه&#8204;نمودن آن به جیره توصیه می&#8204;گردد. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:13.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&quot;B Zar&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;</abstract_fa>
	<abstract>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-autospace:none&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;Extended abstract&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-autospace:none&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;Introduction&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-autospace:none&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;Koi carp (&lt;i&gt;Cyprinus carpio var. koi&lt;/i&gt;) is one of the most commercially valuable and popular ornamental fish species globally, renowned for its attractive appearance and cultural significance. The aesthetic appeal of Koi is primarily dictated by its skin coloration, which results from carotenoid pigments stored in chromatophores, specifically xanthophores and erythrophores. Since fish cannot synthesize carotenoids &lt;i&gt;de novo&lt;/i&gt;, these pigments must be supplied via the diet. Astaxanthin, a potent keto-carotenoid, is widely recognized for enhancing red and orange pigmentation in fish. However, its absorption efficiency in the gastrointestinal tract is often a limiting factor due to its fat-soluble nature. Lysophospholipids (LPLs) are bioactive lipid compounds known to enhance the emulsification and absorption of dietary fats and fat-soluble nutrients by facilitating micelle formation in the gut. While the individual roles of astaxanthin and LPLs have been studied in various aquaculture species, their synergistic effect on the skin coloration of Koi carp remains unexplored. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the efficacy of dietary supplementation with LPLs, combined with different levels of astaxanthin, on the skin colorimetric indices of &lt;i&gt;C. carpio var. koi&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-autospace:none&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;Materials and Methods&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-autospace:none&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;The study was conducted over 56 days (May to July 1404) at a private aquaculture facility. 150 Koi carp (initial weight: 3.63&amp;plusmn;0.05 g) were randomly distributed into 15 glass aquaria (60 L each) following a completely randomized design (5 treatments, 3 replicates, 10 fish/tank). Treatments included: (1) Control (basal diet); (2) 0.01% astaxanthin; (3) 0.02% astaxanthin; (4) 0.01% astaxanthin + 0.1% LPL; and (5) 0.02% astaxanthin + 0.1% LPL. Fish were fed three times daily at 5% body weight. Water quality parameters were maintained at optimal levels (26&amp;plusmn;1&amp;deg;C, pH 7&amp;plusmn;0.1). Skin color was measured using a Lovibond CAM-System 500. Indices including lightness (L), redness (a), yellowness (b), chroma, hue angle, and redness index (RI) were calculated according to standard CIE protocols. Statistical differences were analyzed via one-way ANOVA followed by Duncan&amp;rsquo;s multiple range test (p&lt;0.05).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-autospace:none&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;Results and Discussion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-autospace:none&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;The results indicated that lightness remained unaffected by the dietary treatments (p&gt;0.05). However, significant improvements were observed in other colorimetric indices. Astaxanthin-enriched diets significantly increased redness and yellowness compared to the control group (p&lt;0.05). Importantly, the combination of 0.1% LPL with astaxanthin yielded the highest values for chroma and redness index, while simultaneously significantly decreasing the hue angle, indicating a shift toward a deeper, more vibrant red hue. The control and 0.01% astaxanthin-only groups exhibited the lowest chroma, suggesting that dietary pigment levels alone were insufficient for optimal saturation without emulsification support. The enhanced performance in LPL-supplemented groups confirms the synergistic effect of LPLs in optimizing lipid metabolism and promoting the bioavailability of astaxanthin. By improving micelle formation and reducing surface tension in the digestive tract, LPLs facilitated more efficient absorption and subsequent deposition of astaxanthin in the skin chromatophores. These findings align with previous reports on shrimp and other fish species, where LPLs served as biological emulsifiers to maximize carotenoid utilization. The study demonstrates that LPLs effectively break the absorption barrier, ensuring that high-cost pigments like astaxanthin are utilized efficiently rather than excreted, thereby significantly improving the commercial quality and color vividness of Koi carp.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-autospace:none&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;Conclusion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-autospace:none&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;This study concludes that dietary astaxanthin is essential for the pigmentation of Koi carp, but its utilization is significantly optimized by the co-supplementation of lysophospholipids. The synergistic interaction between astaxanthin and LPLs enhances the bioavailability of carotenoids, resulting in superior color saturation (chroma) and desirable red tone (hue) compared to astaxanthin supplementation alone. This nutritional strategy not only improves the marketability and aesthetic value of ornamental Koi carp but also offers an economically viable approach to reducing pigment wastage in aquaculture. Further research is recommended to explore the molecular mechanisms of pigment deposition in Koi skin under varying LPL concentrations and long-term storage conditions.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</abstract>
	<keyword_fa>آستاگزانتین, لیزوفسفولیپید, ماهی کوی, رنگ‌سنجی, تکنیک CIELabCIELab</keyword_fa>
	<keyword>Astaxanthin, Lysophospholipid, Koi carp, Colorimetry, CIELab technique</keyword>
	<start_page>0</start_page>
	<end_page>0</end_page>
	<web_url>http://aqudev.lahijan.iau.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-228-8&amp;slc_lang=fa&amp;sid=1</web_url>


<author_list>
	<author>
	<first_name>Arian</first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Chalaki1</last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa>آرین</first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa>چالاکی1</last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email>chalakiarian@gmail.com</email>
	<code>100319475328460012513</code>
	<orcid>100319475328460012513</orcid>
	<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
	<affiliation></affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


	<author>
	<first_name>Sakineh</first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Yeganeh1</last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa>سکینه</first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa>یگانه1</last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email>skyeganeh@gmail.com</email>
	<code>100319475328460012514</code>
	<orcid>100319475328460012514</orcid>
	<coreauthor>Yes
</coreauthor>
	<affiliation>1-Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Animal Science and Fisheries, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University</affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


	<author>
	<first_name>Batoul</first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Adhami1</last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa>بتول</first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa>ادهمی1</last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email>amine.adhami@yahoo.com</email>
	<code>100319475328460012515</code>
	<orcid>100319475328460012515</orcid>
	<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
	<affiliation></affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


</author_list>


	</article>
</articleset>
</journal>
