<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<journal>
<title>Journal of Aquaculture Development</title>
<title_fa>نشریه توسعه آبزی پروری</title_fa>
<short_title>JAD</short_title>
<subject>Agriculture</subject>
<web_url>http://aqudev.lahijan.iau.ir</web_url>
<journal_hbi_system_id>1</journal_hbi_system_id>
<journal_hbi_system_user>admin</journal_hbi_system_user>
<journal_id_issn>2322-3545</journal_id_issn>
<journal_id_issn_online>0000-0000</journal_id_issn_online>
<journal_id_pii>8</journal_id_pii>
<journal_id_doi>10.22034</journal_id_doi>
<journal_id_iranmedex></journal_id_iranmedex>
<journal_id_magiran></journal_id_magiran>
<journal_id_sid>14</journal_id_sid>
<journal_id_nlai>8888</journal_id_nlai>
<journal_id_science>13</journal_id_science>
<language>fa</language>
<pubdate>
	<type>jalali</type>
	<year>1404</year>
	<month>6</month>
	<day>1</day>
</pubdate>
<pubdate>
	<type>gregorian</type>
	<year>2025</year>
	<month>9</month>
	<day>1</day>
</pubdate>
<volume>19</volume>
<number>3</number>
<publish_type>online</publish_type>
<publish_edition>1</publish_edition>
<article_type>fulltext</article_type>
<articleset>
	<article>


	<language>fa</language>
	<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
	<title_fa>تاثیر میکروپلاستیک پلی‌اتیلن و آنتی‌بیوتیک ارمتوکسین بر شاخص‌های استرس و پاسخ اکسیداتیو ماهی تیلاپیا (Oreochromis sp.)</title_fa>
	<title>Effect of polyethylene microplastics and antibiotic ermetoxin on oxidative and stress indices of tilapia fish (Oreochromis sp.)</title>
	<subject_fa>تخصصي</subject_fa>
	<subject>Special</subject>
	<content_type_fa>پژوهشي</content_type_fa>
	<content_type>Research</content_type>
	<abstract_fa>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;direction:rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;unicode-bidi:embed&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; هدف از این تحقیق، ارزیابی تاثیر جداگانه و هم&#8204;زمان میکروپلاستیک پلی&#8204;اتیلن و آنتی&#8204;بیوتیک ارمتوکسین بر شاخص&amp;shy;های استرس و پاسخ اکسیداتیو ماهی تیلاپیا بود. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;360 قطعه ماهی تیلاپیا (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;Oreochromis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt; sp.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;) با میانگین وزنی 5/10 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&amp;plusmn;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt; 5/240 گرم از یک مرکز پرورش ماهیان گرمابی خصوصی در شمال شهرستان کارون خریداری و به سالن آبزیان پژوهشکده آبزی پروری آبهای جنوب کشور واقع در شیبان-اهواز انتقال داده شدند. ماهیان با تراکم 10 قطعه در واحدهای آزمایشی (تانک فایبرگلاس 300 لیتری) رهاسازی شدند. ماهیان به مدت 21 روز در معرض دوزهای مختلف میکروپلاستیک پلی&#8204;اتیلن (100 و 200 میلی&amp;shy;گرم به ازای هر کیلوگرم خوراک) و آنتی&#8204;بیوتیک ارمتوکسین (15 و 30 میلی&#8204;گرم به ازای هر کیلوگرم وزن توده زنده) و ترکیب آنها (100 میلی&#8204;گرم میکروپلاستیک با 15 و 30 میلی&#8204;گرم ارمتوکسین، 200 میلی&#8204;گرم میکروپلاستیک با 15 و 30 میلی&#8204;گرم ارمتوکسین به ازای هر کیلوگرم وزن توده زنده) قرارگرفتند. در پایان دوره، سطوح شاخص&#8204;های استرس و پاسخ آنتی&#8204;اکسیدانی اندازه&#8204;گیری و از طریق آنالیز واریانس دوطرفه بررسی شدند. نتایج نشان داد تفاوت معنی&#8204;داری بین گروه&#8204;های آزمایشی در میزان پروتئین کل، گلوکز و لاکتات خون ماهیان وجود داشت &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;p&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&lt;0.05&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt; کمترین و بیشترین سطح پروتئین کل سرم به ترتیب در گروه&amp;shy;های شاهد (99/3 گرم بر دسی لیتر) و گروه دریافت کننده بالاترین دوزهای آنتی&#8204;بیوتیک (30 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم وزن بدن) و میکروپلاستیک در جیره (200 میلی گرم به ازای هر کیلوگرم خوراک) (49/8 گرم بر دسی لیتر) دیده شد &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;p&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&lt;0.05&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt; مواجهه هم&#8204;زمان با میکروپلاستیک&#8204;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span b=&quot;&quot; lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;پلی&#8204;اتیلن و آنتی&#8204;بیوتیک ارمتوکسین باعث افزایش قابل&#8204;توجهی در سطح&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;MDA &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;و کاهش فعالیت آنزیم&#8204;های &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;CAT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;SOD &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;و&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;GPX &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;در مقایسه با گروه&#8204;های کنترل شد &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;p&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&lt;0.05&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt; بیشترین میزان فعالیت آنزیم&amp;shy;های آنتی&#8204;اکسیدانی شامل &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;GPx&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span b=&quot;&quot; lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;(45/42 میکرومول بر لیتر)،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;SOD &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;(309/1 واحد بین المللی بر لیتر) و کاتالاز (34/2 واحد بین المللی بر لیتر) در گروه دریافت کننده بالاترین دوزهای آنتی بیوتیک و میکروپلاستیک در جیره مشاهده گردید. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;به طورکلی نتایج نشان داد که مصرف هم&#8204;زمان میکروپلاستیک و آنتی&#8204;بیوتیک در ماهی تیلاپیا، منجر به افزایش معنی&#8204;دار در شاخص&#8204;های استرس و فعالیت آنتی&#8204;اکسیدانی شد.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span b=&quot;&quot; lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;به&#8204;منظور کاهش این خطرات، پیشنهاد می&#8204;شود راهکارهای عملی نظیر کاهش مصرف آنتی&#8204;بیوتیک&#8204;ها در صنعت آبزی&#8204;پروری، مدیریت صحیح زباله&#8204;های پلاستیکی، و تقویت قوانین مرتبط با کنترل آلودگی&#8204;های میکروپلاستیکی مورد توجه قرارگیرد. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</abstract_fa>
	<abstract>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;Introduction&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; Microplastics are an emerging pollutant, defined as synthetic plastic particles with a diameter of less than 5 mm and greater than 1 &amp;mu;m. Microplastics have specific physical and chemical properties, including small size, high density, and color, which both allow them to absorb other pollutants and increase the accessibility of these types of pollutants to living organisms. Antibiotics are used to treat diseases and improve production in aquaculture, while many antibiotics cannot be completely metabolized after consumption and eventually enter the natural environment. Antibiotics are considered emerging pollutants due to their continuous and quasi-persistent input. Tilapia (&lt;i&gt;Oreochromis&lt;/i&gt; sp.) was chosen as the study species because it is an important aquaculture species and the third most farmed fish species globally, and also because juvenile tilapia are sensitive to exposure to such microplastics. The aim of this study is to evaluate the separate and simultaneous effects of polyethylene microplastics and the antibiotic ermetoxin on oxidative and biochemical stress indices in tilapia fish.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;Materials and Methods&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;A total of 360 tilapia (&lt;i&gt;Oreochromis&lt;/i&gt; sp.) fish with an average weight of 240.5 &amp;plusmn; 10.5 g were purchased from a private warm-water fish breeding center in the north of Karun County and transferred to the aquatic hall of the Southern Waters Aquaculture Research Institute located in Sheiban-Ahvaz, and released at a density of 10 fish in experimental units (300-liter fiberglass tanks). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;The fish were exposed to different doses of microplastics (100 and 200 mg/kg feed) and the antibiotic ermetoxin (15 and 30 mg/kg live weight) and their combinations (100 mg microplastic with 15 and 30 mg ermetoxin, 200 mg microplastic with 15 and 30 mg ermetoxin per kg live weight) for 21 days. At the end of the period, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzyme activities were measured as indicators of oxidative stress and antioxidant response. The effect of two independent variables, polyethylene microplastics and the antibiotic ermetoxin, on blood biochemical analytes and oxidative biomarkers was investigated through two-way analysis of variance.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;Results and Discussion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;The results showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental groups in the levels of total protein, glucose and lactate parameters in the blood of fish &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;(&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.05).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; Simultaneous exposure to polyethylene microplastics and the antibiotic ermetoxin caused a significant increase in MDA levels and a decrease in the activities of CAT, SOD, and GPx enzymes compared to control groups.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;The highest activity of antioxidant enzymes including GPx (42.45 &amp;mu;mol/L), SOD (1.309 IU/L) and catalase (2.34 IU/L) was observed in the group receiving the highest doses of antibiotics and microplastics in the diet. The findings indicate increased oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant defense capacity in fish exposed to these pollutants. Microplastics have a synergistic effect on the health of organisms when combined with other pollutants. The interaction of microplastics with chemical pollutants has shown contradictory findings. For example, in the study by Karbalaei et al. (2021), it was reported that the presence of microplastics increased the toxicity of chlorpyrifos to rainbow trout (&lt;i&gt;O. mykiss&lt;/i&gt;). In the study by Guven et al. (2018), the presence of microplastics did not increase the acute toxicity of pyrene on the hunting performance of Asian sea bass (&lt;i&gt;Lates calcarifer&lt;/i&gt;). Microplastics cause toxicity through the formation of free radicals that cause damage to cellular macromolecules and subsequently lead to physiological and biochemical changes in animals (Kim et al., 2021). Some studies showed increased superoxide dismutase activity in zebrafish (&lt;i&gt;D. rerio&lt;/i&gt;) (Qiao et al., 2019) and Mozambique tilapia (&lt;i&gt;Oreochromis mossambicus&lt;/i&gt;) (Jeyavani &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., 2023) exposed to microplastics, while Xiao &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;. (2023) reported decreased superoxide dismutase activity in the freshwater fish &lt;i&gt;Nothobranchius guentheri&lt;/i&gt; exposed to microplastics. A significant increase in catalase enzyme activity indicates a high rate of hydrogen peroxide production in liver cells of fish exposed to microplastics. In addition, the increase in hydrogen peroxide rate may be related to increased superoxide dismutase activity and accelerated dismutase of superoxide anions. A significant increase in catalase activity has been reported in zebrafish (&lt;i&gt;D. rerio&lt;/i&gt;) (F&amp;eacute;lix &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., 2022), discus fish (&lt;i&gt;Symphysodon aequifasciatus&lt;/i&gt;) (Wen &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., 2018), and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background:white&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;mosquito fish &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;(&lt;i&gt;Gambusia holbrooki&lt;/i&gt;) (Banaee and Mohammadzadeh., 2022) exposed to microplastics. In the present study, the activity of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase was increased under the influence of microplastics. Increased glutathione peroxidase activity in Mediterranean black mussel (&lt;i&gt;M. galloprovincialis&lt;/i&gt;) (Cap&amp;oacute; &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., 2021), Nile tilapia (&lt;i&gt;O. niloticus&lt;/i&gt;) (Dong &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., 2022), &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background:white&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;mosquito fish &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;(&lt;i&gt;G. holbrooki&lt;/i&gt;) (Banaee and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; Mohammadzadeh., 2022) and Mozambique tilapia (&lt;i&gt;O. mossambicus&lt;/i&gt;) (Jeyavani &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., 2023) has been reported to be affected by microplastics. In the present study, the MDA level was high in the control group and reached the lowest value in the combined treatments, especially the highest concentration of microplastics and ermetoxin. In the study by Lin et al. (2014), the effect of sulfonamide toxin was examined on zebrafish after 72 hours and MDA was examined as a time-sensitive biomarker. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;In general, the present results showed that the simultaneous consumption of microplastics and antibiotics in tilapia fish causes a significant increase in biochemical stress indices (such as glucose and lactate) and antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, GPX).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;These synergistic effects indicate an increased level of oxidative stress and the possibility of tissue damage in fish, which can lead to significant changes in their general health and immune system efficiency. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;Conflict of Interest:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;There are no conflicts of interest among the authors.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;Acknowledgment:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; We would like to thank our colleagues who helped us in providing the equipment needed to conduct the experiment.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</abstract>
	<keyword_fa>آلودگی میکروپلاستیک, آنتی بیوتیک, استرس اکسیداتیو, تیلاپیا, میکروپلاستیک</keyword_fa>
	<keyword>Microplastic pollution, antibiotics, oxidative stress, tilapia, microplastics</keyword>
	<start_page>116</start_page>
	<end_page>134</end_page>
	<web_url>http://aqudev.lahijan.iau.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-431-2&amp;slc_lang=fa&amp;sid=1</web_url>


<author_list>
	<author>
	<first_name>Mohammad</first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Bahrami</last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa>محمد</first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa>بهرامی</last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email>g.ghaedi@bfmgroups.com</email>
	<code>100319475328460011781</code>
	<orcid>100319475328460011781</orcid>
	<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
	<affiliation></affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


	<author>
	<first_name>Reza</first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Salighizadeh</last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa>رضا</first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa>سلیقه زاده1</last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email>rezasalighehzadeh@yahoo.com</email>
	<code>100319475328460011782</code>
	<orcid>100319475328460011782</orcid>
	<coreauthor>Yes
</coreauthor>
	<affiliation>1-Department of Veterinary, Sho.C., Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran</affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


	<author>
	<first_name>Mohsen</first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Pournia</last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa>محسن</first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa>پورنیا</last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email>rezasalighehzadeh@gmail.com</email>
	<code>100319475328460011783</code>
	<orcid>100319475328460011783</orcid>
	<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
	<affiliation></affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa>گروه میکروبیولوژی، واحد مسجدسلیمان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مسجدسلیمان، ایران</affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


	<author>
	<first_name>Mohammad Hossein</first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Khanjani</last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa>محمدحسین</first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa>خانجانی</last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email>m.h.khanjani@gmail.com</email>
	<code>100319475328460011784</code>
	<orcid>100319475328460011784</orcid>
	<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
	<affiliation></affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa>گروه علوم و مهندسی شیلات، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه جیرفت، جیرفت، ایران</affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


	<author>
	<first_name>Gholamreza</first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Ghaedi</last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa>غلامرضا</first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa>قائدی</last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email>ghaedighr@gmail.com</email>
	<code>100319475328460011785</code>
	<orcid>100319475328460011785</orcid>
	<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
	<affiliation></affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa>گروه علوم و مهندسی شیلات، دانشگاه علوم و فنون دریایی خرمشهر، خرمشهر، ایران</affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


</author_list>


	</article>
</articleset>
</journal>
