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Methods for Producing Monosex Populations of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Iran: Limitations, Advantages, and Introduction of Optimal Models
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Mansour Sharifian1 *   , Mohaddeseh Ahmmadnezhad2 , Youness Abdollahzadeh3 |
1-Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran , sharif_23m@yahoo.com
2- Inland Waters Aquaculture Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bandar Anzali, Iran
3- Fisheries Department, Faculty of Fisheries and Environment, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran |
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Abstract: (194 Views) |
Abstract
Introduction: The rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) breeding and rearing industry in Iran is considered the largest aquaculture sector in the country. There is the key challenge of sexual dimorphism and premature puberty in males. So, the occurrence of this phenomenon leads to a severe reduction in growth efficiency and a decrease in pre-harvest product quality. This article reviews global sex control methods including hormonal treatments, chromosomal manipulation (triploid: 3n), and genetic strategies (production of YY super males) and the environmental and technical limitations of the indigenous rainbow trout breeding industry in Iran.
Methodology: This review article is based on a comprehensive analysis of published peer-reviewed papers, conference proceedings, and experimental reports that investigate the methods of monosex rainbow trout production. Studies included were selected based on their relevance to sex control systems in rainbow trout, hormonal and non-hormonal methods of sex control, efficacy of herbal compounds in sex change and complementary genetic tools including gynogenesis and androgenesis. Studies on the creation of monosex in rainbow trout by hormonal induction in Iran were also reviewed to compare their results.
Finding: Research has shown that pure super male (YY) lines are the most sustainable and efficient strategy for commercial mass production due to the assurance of 100% maleness of the population and the maximization of growth efficiency. Triploidy (3n) is also considered an effective technique for absolute sterility, but its successful implementation in Iran is highly dependent on careful management of thermal risks in farms. In contrast, phytochemicals have emerged as safer alternatives to synthetic hormones. Phytochemicals such as isoflavonoids, flavonoids, and saponins, which are compounds with estrogenic/androgenic properties, can be used to alter the sex of fish species, but face serious obstacles in standardizing commercial dosage and stability of active ingredients.
Conclusion: Sustainable production of monosex rainbow trout populations in Iran requires relying on genetic strategies, especially YY super male lines as the most effective option, along with prudent use of triploidy and development of safe alternatives to chemical hormones. The success of these methods will depend on careful management of environmental factors and breeding stresses, as well as directing future research toward advanced breeding, evaluation of genotype-environment interactions, and precision genomic technologies.
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| Keywords: Rainbow trout, monosex production, supermale (YY), triploidy, phytochemicals, precocious maturation |
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Full-Text [PDF 658 kb]
(32 Downloads)
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Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2025/12/2 | Accepted: 2026/02/1 | Published: 2027/01/4
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