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Methods for Producing Monosex Populations of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Iran: Limitations, Advantages, and Introduction of Optimal Models
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Mansour Sharifian1 *   , Mohaddeseh Ahmmadnezhad2 , Youness Abdollahzadeh3 |
1-Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran , sharif_23m@yahoo.com
2- Inland Waters Aquaculture Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bandar Anzali, Iran
3- Fisheries Department, Faculty of Fisheries and Environment, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran |
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Abstract: (56 Views) |
Abstract
The rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) aquaculture industry in Iran, representing the largest sector of the country’s aquaculture production, faces a major challenge posed by sexual dimorphism and precocious maturation of males, which significantly reduce growth performance and impair product quality prior to harvest. This review-analytical study examines globally established sex control methods—including hormonal treatments, chromosomal manipulation (triploidy, 3n), and genetic strategies (production of YY supermales)—while integrating them with the specific environmental and technical constraints of Iran’s domestic industry. Analytical results demonstrate that pure YY supermale lines represent the most sustainable and efficient strategy for large-scale commercial production, ensuring 100% male populations and maximizing growth potential. Tri ploidy (3n) is recognized as an effective approach for inducing complete sterility; however, its successful implementation in Iran is highly dependent on precise management of thermal risks in farms. In contrast, phytochemicals have emerged as safer alternatives to synthetic hormones but face significant obstacles related to commercial dose standardization and stability of active compounds. Furthermore, the ultimate efficacy of all methods is modulated by chronic stress and temperature fluctuations in intensive rearing systems. The optimal model proposed for Iran involves a strategic combination of prioritizing YY-based production (particularly in recirculating aquaculture systems, RAS) and conditional application of triploidy (3n) in controlled environments. Future perspectives emphasize the transition toward genome-editing technologies (e.g., CRISPR/Cas) for permanent knockdown of the sdY gene, as well as the necessity for localized research on the effects of chronic stress and the standardization of plant-derived phytochemicals.
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| Keywords: Rainbow trout, monosex production, supermale (YY), triploidy, phytochemicals, precocious maturation |
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Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2025/12/2 | Accepted: 2026/02/1
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